Everything about Pierre Fran Ois De Rigaud Marquis De Vaudreuil-cavagnal totally explained
Pierre François de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal (
22 November,
1698 –
4 August 1778) was a
Canadian-born French colonial governor in North America. He was born
November 22, 1698 to the governor of
New France,
Philippe de Rigaud Vaudreuil and his wife Louise-Élisabeth de Joybert de Soulanges et de Marson, in
Quebec. He was governor of
French Louisiana (1743-1753) and in 1755 became the last governor of
New France (or
Canada), during the period when the
British conquered it in the
Seven Years' War (known in the USA as the "French and Indian War").
Life and work
Vaudreuil-Cavagnal rose quickly through the New France military and civil service, in part owing to his father's patronage but also due to his own innate ability. Commissioned an officer of the French army while still a youth, in 1733 he was appointed governor of
Trois-Rivières, and in 1742 of
French Louisiana, serving there from to
May 10, 1743 to
February 9, 1753 and proving himself a skilled officer and capable administrator. He moved to France in 1753 before being appointed by King
Louis XV as
governor of New France in 1755, just as the Seven Years' War began.
The first governor of New France to be born in Canada, his leadership was questioned and some of his orders were ignored by high-ranking officials of the French army such as
Louis-Joseph de Montcalm, who judged him to be "too Canadian". Although Vaudreuil-Cavagnal held supreme civil authority in Canada and was technically
commander-in-chief of all French forces there, he clashed often with Montcalm, the military commander in the field, who resented his oversight role. The two men grew to detest one another, much to the detriment of the French war effort. Vaudreuil-Cavagnal had excellent relations with the Canadian
militia and with the Native-Canadian tribes allied with France; Montcalm looked down on both, preferring to rely upon French regular troops and making poor use of
irregular Canadian and pro-French Native-Canadian forces.
After Montcalm lost to the British forces under Maj. Gen.
James Wolfe at
Quebec City in the
Battle of the Plains of Abraham, Vaudreuil-Cavagnal tried to rally resistance to the British, but to no avail. He was forced to surrender
Montreal on
September 8,
1760 to Maj. Gen.
Jeffrey Amherst.
The Marquis sailed back to France in British custody, and was briefly im
prisoned, from March to May
1762, in the
Bastille for his role in the loss of Canada. After an inquiry in
1763, he was exonerated and retired to his ancestral estate near
Rouen, although the episode ruined his fortunes. He died in
Paris on
August 4,
1778.
The
Vaudreuil-Soulanges county regional municipality of Quebec, Canada, is named after him.
His nephew Louis-Philippe de Vaudreuil defeated the English at the naval battle in front of Yorktown in 1781 on the ship
Le Septre. This nephew was also on the
Triomphant in Boston in 1782 to protect the American army and Washington, and to bring the victorious French army of Rochambeau back to France. So did the Vaudreuils finally defeat the English in America and give the Americans their freedom, and give all the territory of New France beneath the Great Lakes to them, thus creating Canada in the second treaty of Paris in 1783 (which replaced the first treaty).
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